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When Luxembourg was invaded and annexed by Nazi Germany in 1940, a national consciousness started to come about. From 1941 onwards, the first resistance groups, such as the ''Letzeburger Ro'de Lé'w'' or the ''PI-Men'', were founded. Operating underground, they secretly worked against the German occupation, helping to bring political refugees and those trying to avoid being conscripted into the German forces across the border, and put out patriotic leaflets (often depicting Grand Duchess Charlotte) encouraging the population of Luxembourg to pull through. As with other countries, the origins, ideological and otherwise, of the different Resistance groups were varied: it ranged from those who found Nazi ideology itself worth fighting against, to those who valued first and foremost their country's freedom. The political spectrum ranged from the communists to clerical-conservative elements (including even some anti-Semitic undertones). ==Luxembourgish Resistance groups== *LS, ''Lëtzebuerger Scouten'', 1940 *LPL, ''Lëtzeburger Patriote Liga'' ("Luxembourgish Patriot League"), September 1940, Echternach *PI-Men, ''Formation des Patriotes indépendants luxembourgeois'' ("Formation of independent Luxembourgish patriots"), 1940 *LFB, ''Lëtzeburger Freihétsbewegong'' ("Luxembourgish Freedom Movement"), December 1940, Rumelange *LL, ''Lëtzebuerger Legio'n'' ("Luxembourgish Legion"), September 1940, Bissen *LFK, ''Lëtzeburger Freihétskämpfer ''("Luxembourgish Freedom Fighters"), January 1941, Differdange, Tétange, Rumelange *LVL, ''Letzeburger Vollekslegio'n'', June 1941 *LRL, ''Lëtzeburger Ro'de Lé'w'' ("Luxembourgish Red Lion"), October 1941, Bascharage *LFB, ''Lëtzeburger Freihétsbond'' ("Luxembourgish Freedom Union") *''Alweraje'', 1941, Schifflange *TLS, ''Trei Lëtzeburger Studenten'', 1940, Diekirch * ALEF, ''Aktiv Letzeburger Enhétsfront ge'nt de Faschismus'', 1942 The LPL, LRL, and LVL joined together in the ''Unio'n vun de Fräiheetsorganisatiounen'' ("Union of Freedom Organisations"), or just ''Unio'n'', on 23 March 1944. On 1 September they were joined by the ''Lëtzeburger Freihétsbewegong.'' After the war, the LPPD was formed, an umbrella group of the Resistance. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Luxembourg Resistance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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